I trying to learn what a Bitmap is. Not a Managed Bitmap Object but one 
that, for example, comes from the clipboard with CF_BITMAP.

I'm guessing that a CompatableBitmap is an array of indices that point to 
the colors in a Palette of the display driver.

So if I get a bitmap via CF_BITMAP I need to also get a Palette off the 
clipboard and realize it then display the bitmap.

I believe "Realize it" means to put it into the display driver.


Is any of the above correct?

Can you say it better - I'm really guessing at the terminology.


Thanx for any help

> So if I get a bitmap via CF_BITMAP I need to also get a Palette off the 
> clipboard and realize it then display the bitmap.


The CF_BITMAP represents an HBITMAP handle to a GDI Bitmap.

That bitmap handle can be a DIB or a DDB(i.e., Device Independent or Device 
Dependent ).

If the bitmap is indexed, you need to retrieve the CF_PALETTE from the 
clipboard.

The CF_PALETTE is a handle to a GDI Palette.

You also have the option to avoid retrieving the palette of an indexed 
bitmap by
requesting a CF_DIB from the clipboard.  The CF_DIB is a Global Memory 
Handle
that represents a Device Independent Bitmap which alread includes the color 
table, if present.

The clipboard always synthesizes this format regardless if the original 
application placed the CF_DIB
on the clipboard.

""Frank""  wrote in message 
news:OT1Jhps4HHA.1168@TK2MSFTNGP02.phx.gbl...

>I trying to learn what a Bitmap is. Not a Managed Bitmap Object but one 
>that, for example, comes from the clipboard with CF_BITMAP.
>
> I'm guessing that a CompatableBitmap is an array of indices that point to 
> the colors in a Palette of the display driver.
>
> So if I get a bitmap via CF_BITMAP I need to also get a Palette off the 
> clipboard and realize it then display the bitmap.
>
> I believe "Realize it" means to put it into the display driver.
>
>
> Is any of the above correct?
>
> Can you say it better - I'm really guessing at the terminology.
>
>
> Thanx for any help
>
> 

Paint puts both "Bitmap" and "DIB Bitmap" on the clipboard.
At least WordPad "Paste Special" shows both after a Paint "Copy"
So I assume they are different things.

I see from what you said below that a CF-BITMAP can represent a handle to a 
DIB so in that case I guess they'd be the same.

And you also said that a DIB includes a color table.

So, can I conclude that one difference between a DIB and a DDB is that the 
DDB does not include a color table.

If you wanted to use a DDB you need to know the related color table

Also, even though WordPad shows both "Bitmap" and "DIB Bitmap"   the 
dataobject (DataO.GetFormats(False)) shows only the DIB. Why do you think 
that is?

So, when you get a handle from the clipboard you don't know if it points to 
a DDB or a DIB. Is that a problem?


Thanx


 I'm going to search for DDB to see if I can learn more that way.





"Michael Phillips, Jr." <mphillips53@nospam.jun0.c0m> wrote in message 
news:e4q4bSz4HHA.4712@TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...

>> So if I get a bitmap via CF_BITMAP I need to also get a Palette off the 
>> clipboard and realize it then display the bitmap.
>
> The CF_BITMAP represents an HBITMAP handle to a GDI Bitmap.
>
> That bitmap handle can be a DIB or a DDB(i.e., Device Independent or 
> Device Dependent ).
>
> If the bitmap is indexed, you need to retrieve the CF_PALETTE from the 
> clipboard.
>
> The CF_PALETTE is a handle to a GDI Palette.
>
> You also have the option to avoid retrieving the palette of an indexed 
> bitmap by
> requesting a CF_DIB from the clipboard.  The CF_DIB is a Global Memory 
> Handle
> that represents a Device Independent Bitmap which alread includes the 
> color table, if present.
>
> The clipboard always synthesizes this format regardless if the original 
> application placed the CF_DIB
> on the clipboard.
>
> ""Frank""  wrote in message 
> news:OT1Jhps4HHA.1168@TK2MSFTNGP02.phx.gbl...
>>I trying to learn what a Bitmap is. Not a Managed Bitmap Object but one 
>>that, for example, comes from the clipboard with CF_BITMAP.
>>
>> I'm guessing that a CompatableBitmap is an array of indices that point to 
>> the colors in a Palette of the display driver.
>>
>> So if I get a bitmap via CF_BITMAP I need to also get a Palette off the 
>> clipboard and realize it then display the bitmap.
>>
>> I believe "Realize it" means to put it into the display driver.
>>
>>
>> Is any of the above correct?
>>
>> Can you say it better - I'm really guessing at the terminology.
>>
>>
>> Thanx for any help
>>
>>
>
> 

> So, can I conclude that one difference between a DIB and a DDB is that the 
> DDB does not include a color table.


A DDB is optimized for your Display Driver's current bit depth.

If that depth is 32bpp or 16bpp, then no palette is necessary. If your 
Display's depth is 8bpp then a palette is necessary.


> So, when you get a handle from the clipboard you don't know if it points 
> to a DDB or a DIB. Is that a problem?


It is easy to test what the HBITMAP represents.  Use GDI GetObject with 
DIBSECTION.

If the return is sizeof(DIBSECTION) then it is a DIB.  If not it is a DDB.


> Also, even though WordPad shows both "Bitmap" and "DIB Bitmap"   the 
> dataobject (DataO.GetFormats(False)) shows only the DIB. Why do you think 
> that is?


The CF_BITMAP and CF_DIB formats are synthesized by the clipboard when the 
application that
places one format but not the other on the clipboard.

You can always retrieve the synthesized formats.  Use GetFormats(True).

""Frank""  wrote in message 
news:um6i9sz4HHA.2312@TK2MSFTNGP06.phx.gbl...

> Paint puts both "Bitmap" and "DIB Bitmap" on the clipboard.
> At least WordPad "Paste Special" shows both after a Paint "Copy"
> So I assume they are different things.
>
> I see from what you said below that a CF-BITMAP can represent a handle to 
> a DIB so in that case I guess they'd be the same.
>
> And you also said that a DIB includes a color table.
>
> So, can I conclude that one difference between a DIB and a DDB is that the 
> DDB does not include a color table.
>
> If you wanted to use a DDB you need to know the related color table
>
> Also, even though WordPad shows both "Bitmap" and "DIB Bitmap"   the 
> dataobject (DataO.GetFormats(False)) shows only the DIB. Why do you think 
> that is?
>
> So, when you get a handle from the clipboard you don't know if it points 
> to a DDB or a DIB. Is that a problem?
>
>
> Thanx
>
>
> I'm going to search for DDB to see if I can learn more that way.
>
>
>
>
>
> "Michael Phillips, Jr." <mphillips53@nospam.jun0.c0m> wrote in message 
> news:e4q4bSz4HHA.4712@TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
>>> So if I get a bitmap via CF_BITMAP I need to also get a Palette off the 
>>> clipboard and realize it then display the bitmap.
>>
>> The CF_BITMAP represents an HBITMAP handle to a GDI Bitmap.
>>
>> That bitmap handle can be a DIB or a DDB(i.e., Device Independent or 
>> Device Dependent ).
>>
>> If the bitmap is indexed, you need to retrieve the CF_PALETTE from the 
>> clipboard.
>>
>> The CF_PALETTE is a handle to a GDI Palette.
>>
>> You also have the option to avoid retrieving the palette of an indexed 
>> bitmap by
>> requesting a CF_DIB from the clipboard.  The CF_DIB is a Global Memory 
>> Handle
>> that represents a Device Independent Bitmap which alread includes the 
>> color table, if present.
>>
>> The clipboard always synthesizes this format regardless if the original 
>> application placed the CF_DIB
>> on the clipboard.
>>
>> ""Frank""  wrote in message 
>> news:OT1Jhps4HHA.1168@TK2MSFTNGP02.phx.gbl...
>>>I trying to learn what a Bitmap is. Not a Managed Bitmap Object but one 
>>>that, for example, comes from the clipboard with CF_BITMAP.
>>>
>>> I'm guessing that a CompatableBitmap is an array of indices that point 
>>> to the colors in a Palette of the display driver.
>>>
>>> So if I get a bitmap via CF_BITMAP I need to also get a Palette off the 
>>> clipboard and realize it then display the bitmap.
>>>
>>> I believe "Realize it" means to put it into the display driver.
>>>
>>>
>>> Is any of the above correct?
>>>
>>> Can you say it better - I'm really guessing at the terminology.
>>>
>>>
>>> Thanx for any help
>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>
> 

If you can, one more question.

I found CreateCompatibleBitmap which can be used to create a DDB.
And CreateCompatibleDC which can be used to write on it.
I know this is an academic question but where is the color table (if there 
is one).
I'd guess it's in the CompatibleDC.

Thanks


"Michael Phillips, Jr." <mphillips53@nospam.jun0.c0m> wrote in message 
news:uUieR6z4HHA.600@TK2MSFTNGP05.phx.gbl...

>> So, can I conclude that one difference between a DIB and a DDB is that 
>> the DDB does not include a color table.
>
> A DDB is optimized for your Display Driver's current bit depth.
>
> If that depth is 32bpp or 16bpp, then no palette is necessary. If your 
> Display's depth is 8bpp then a palette is necessary.
>
>> So, when you get a handle from the clipboard you don't know if it points 
>> to a DDB or a DIB. Is that a problem?
>
> It is easy to test what the HBITMAP represents.  Use GDI GetObject with 
> DIBSECTION.
>
> If the return is sizeof(DIBSECTION) then it is a DIB.  If not it is a DDB.
>
>> Also, even though WordPad shows both "Bitmap" and "DIB Bitmap"   the 
>> dataobject (DataO.GetFormats(False)) shows only the DIB. Why do you think 
>> that is?
>
> The CF_BITMAP and CF_DIB formats are synthesized by the clipboard when the 
> application that
> places one format but not the other on the clipboard.
>
> You can always retrieve the synthesized formats.  Use GetFormats(True).
>
> ""Frank""  wrote in message 
> news:um6i9sz4HHA.2312@TK2MSFTNGP06.phx.gbl...
>> Paint puts both "Bitmap" and "DIB Bitmap" on the clipboard.
>> At least WordPad "Paste Special" shows both after a Paint "Copy"
>> So I assume they are different things.
>>
>> I see from what you said below that a CF-BITMAP can represent a handle to 
>> a DIB so in that case I guess they'd be the same.
>>
>> And you also said that a DIB includes a color table.
>>
>> So, can I conclude that one difference between a DIB and a DDB is that 
>> the DDB does not include a color table.
>>
>> If you wanted to use a DDB you need to know the related color table
>>
>> Also, even though WordPad shows both "Bitmap" and "DIB Bitmap"   the 
>> dataobject (DataO.GetFormats(False)) shows only the DIB. Why do you think 
>> that is?
>>
>> So, when you get a handle from the clipboard you don't know if it points 
>> to a DDB or a DIB. Is that a problem?
>>
>>
>> Thanx
>>
>>
>> I'm going to search for DDB to see if I can learn more that way.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> "Michael Phillips, Jr." <mphillips53@nospam.jun0.c0m> wrote in message 
>> news:e4q4bSz4HHA.4712@TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
>>>> So if I get a bitmap via CF_BITMAP I need to also get a Palette off the 
>>>> clipboard and realize it then display the bitmap.
>>>
>>> The CF_BITMAP represents an HBITMAP handle to a GDI Bitmap.
>>>
>>> That bitmap handle can be a DIB or a DDB(i.e., Device Independent or 
>>> Device Dependent ).
>>>
>>> If the bitmap is indexed, you need to retrieve the CF_PALETTE from the 
>>> clipboard.
>>>
>>> The CF_PALETTE is a handle to a GDI Palette.
>>>
>>> You also have the option to avoid retrieving the palette of an indexed 
>>> bitmap by
>>> requesting a CF_DIB from the clipboard.  The CF_DIB is a Global Memory 
>>> Handle
>>> that represents a Device Independent Bitmap which alread includes the 
>>> color table, if present.
>>>
>>> The clipboard always synthesizes this format regardless if the original 
>>> application placed the CF_DIB
>>> on the clipboard.
>>>
>>> ""Frank""  wrote in message 
>>> news:OT1Jhps4HHA.1168@TK2MSFTNGP02.phx.gbl...
>>>>I trying to learn what a Bitmap is. Not a Managed Bitmap Object but one 
>>>>that, for example, comes from the clipboard with CF_BITMAP.
>>>>
>>>> I'm guessing that a CompatableBitmap is an array of indices that point 
>>>> to the colors in a Palette of the display driver.
>>>>
>>>> So if I get a bitmap via CF_BITMAP I need to also get a Palette off the 
>>>> clipboard and realize it then display the bitmap.
>>>>
>>>> I believe "Realize it" means to put it into the display driver.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Is any of the above correct?
>>>>
>>>> Can you say it better - I'm really guessing at the terminology.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Thanx for any help
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>
> 

> I found CreateCompatibleBitmap which can be used to create a DDB.
> And CreateCompatibleDC which can be used to write on it.
> I know this is an academic question but where is the color table (if there 
> is one).


CreateCompatibleBitmap creates an empty bitmap of the width and height of 
your choice optimized for the current Display's bit depth.

If your Display is set for 16bpp or 32bpp, then there is no color table.


> I'd guess it's in the CompatibleDC.


It contains whatever palette that was selected into it.
GetCurrentPalette will provide you with the palette currently selected into 
the device context.

If your display depth is 8bpp, then you must create, select and realize a 
palette before you can render to the empty indexed bitmap.

""Frank""  wrote in message 
news:uz35bR04HHA.3716@TK2MSFTNGP03.phx.gbl...

> If you can, one more question.
>
> I found CreateCompatibleBitmap which can be used to create a DDB.
> And CreateCompatibleDC which can be used to write on it.
> I know this is an academic question but where is the color table (if there 
> is one).
> I'd guess it's in the CompatibleDC.
>
> Thanks
>
>
> "Michael Phillips, Jr." <mphillips53@nospam.jun0.c0m> wrote in message 
> news:uUieR6z4HHA.600@TK2MSFTNGP05.phx.gbl...
>>> So, can I conclude that one difference between a DIB and a DDB is that 
>>> the DDB does not include a color table.
>>
>> A DDB is optimized for your Display Driver's current bit depth.
>>
>> If that depth is 32bpp or 16bpp, then no palette is necessary. If your 
>> Display's depth is 8bpp then a palette is necessary.
>>
>>> So, when you get a handle from the clipboard you don't know if it points 
>>> to a DDB or a DIB. Is that a problem?
>>
>> It is easy to test what the HBITMAP represents.  Use GDI GetObject with 
>> DIBSECTION.
>>
>> If the return is sizeof(DIBSECTION) then it is a DIB.  If not it is a 
>> DDB.
>>
>>> Also, even though WordPad shows both "Bitmap" and "DIB Bitmap"   the 
>>> dataobject (DataO.GetFormats(False)) shows only the DIB. Why do you 
>>> think that is?
>>
>> The CF_BITMAP and CF_DIB formats are synthesized by the clipboard when 
>> the application that
>> places one format but not the other on the clipboard.
>>
>> You can always retrieve the synthesized formats.  Use GetFormats(True).
>>
>> ""Frank""  wrote in message 
>> news:um6i9sz4HHA.2312@TK2MSFTNGP06.phx.gbl...
>>> Paint puts both "Bitmap" and "DIB Bitmap" on the clipboard.
>>> At least WordPad "Paste Special" shows both after a Paint "Copy"
>>> So I assume they are different things.
>>>
>>> I see from what you said below that a CF-BITMAP can represent a handle 
>>> to a DIB so in that case I guess they'd be the same.
>>>
>>> And you also said that a DIB includes a color table.
>>>
>>> So, can I conclude that one difference between a DIB and a DDB is that 
>>> the DDB does not include a color table.
>>>
>>> If you wanted to use a DDB you need to know the related color table
>>>
>>> Also, even though WordPad shows both "Bitmap" and "DIB Bitmap"   the 
>>> dataobject (DataO.GetFormats(False)) shows only the DIB. Why do you 
>>> think that is?
>>>
>>> So, when you get a handle from the clipboard you don't know if it points 
>>> to a DDB or a DIB. Is that a problem?
>>>
>>>
>>> Thanx
>>>
>>>
>>> I'm going to search for DDB to see if I can learn more that way.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> "Michael Phillips, Jr." <mphillips53@nospam.jun0.c0m> wrote in message 
>>> news:e4q4bSz4HHA.4712@TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
>>>>> So if I get a bitmap via CF_BITMAP I need to also get a Palette off 
>>>>> the clipboard and realize it then display the bitmap.
>>>>
>>>> The CF_BITMAP represents an HBITMAP handle to a GDI Bitmap.
>>>>
>>>> That bitmap handle can be a DIB or a DDB(i.e., Device Independent or 
>>>> Device Dependent ).
>>>>
>>>> If the bitmap is indexed, you need to retrieve the CF_PALETTE from the 
>>>> clipboard.
>>>>
>>>> The CF_PALETTE is a handle to a GDI Palette.
>>>>
>>>> You also have the option to avoid retrieving the palette of an indexed 
>>>> bitmap by
>>>> requesting a CF_DIB from the clipboard.  The CF_DIB is a Global Memory 
>>>> Handle
>>>> that represents a Device Independent Bitmap which alread includes the 
>>>> color table, if present.
>>>>
>>>> The clipboard always synthesizes this format regardless if the original 
>>>> application placed the CF_DIB
>>>> on the clipboard.
>>>>
>>>> ""Frank""  wrote in message 
>>>> news:OT1Jhps4HHA.1168@TK2MSFTNGP02.phx.gbl...
>>>>>I trying to learn what a Bitmap is. Not a Managed Bitmap Object but one 
>>>>>that, for example, comes from the clipboard with CF_BITMAP.
>>>>>
>>>>> I'm guessing that a CompatableBitmap is an array of indices that point 
>>>>> to the colors in a Palette of the display driver.
>>>>>
>>>>> So if I get a bitmap via CF_BITMAP I need to also get a Palette off 
>>>>> the clipboard and realize it then display the bitmap.
>>>>>
>>>>> I believe "Realize it" means to put it into the display driver.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Is any of the above correct?
>>>>>
>>>>> Can you say it better - I'm really guessing at the terminology.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Thanx for any help
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>
> 

Great answers.

Thanx

"Michael Phillips, Jr." <mphillips53@nospam.jun0.c0m> wrote in message 
news:esqeSw04HHA.1168@TK2MSFTNGP02.phx.gbl...

>> I found CreateCompatibleBitmap which can be used to create a DDB.
>> And CreateCompatibleDC which can be used to write on it.
>> I know this is an academic question but where is the color table (if 
>> there is one).
>
> CreateCompatibleBitmap creates an empty bitmap of the width and height of 
> your choice optimized for the current Display's bit depth.
>
> If your Display is set for 16bpp or 32bpp, then there is no color table.
>
>> I'd guess it's in the CompatibleDC.
>
> It contains whatever palette that was selected into it.
> GetCurrentPalette will provide you with the palette currently selected 
> into the device context.
>
> If your display depth is 8bpp, then you must create, select and realize a 
> palette before you can render to the empty indexed bitmap.
>
> ""Frank""  wrote in message 
> news:uz35bR04HHA.3716@TK2MSFTNGP03.phx.gbl...
>> If you can, one more question.
>>
>> I found CreateCompatibleBitmap which can be used to create a DDB.
>> And CreateCompatibleDC which can be used to write on it.
>> I know this is an academic question but where is the color table (if 
>> there is one).
>> I'd guess it's in the CompatibleDC.
>>
>> Thanks
>>
>>
>> "Michael Phillips, Jr." <mphillips53@nospam.jun0.c0m> wrote in message 
>> news:uUieR6z4HHA.600@TK2MSFTNGP05.phx.gbl...
>>>> So, can I conclude that one difference between a DIB and a DDB is that 
>>>> the DDB does not include a color table.
>>>
>>> A DDB is optimized for your Display Driver's current bit depth.
>>>
>>> If that depth is 32bpp or 16bpp, then no palette is necessary. If your 
>>> Display's depth is 8bpp then a palette is necessary.
>>>
>>>> So, when you get a handle from the clipboard you don't know if it 
>>>> points to a DDB or a DIB. Is that a problem?
>>>
>>> It is easy to test what the HBITMAP represents.  Use GDI GetObject with 
>>> DIBSECTION.
>>>
>>> If the return is sizeof(DIBSECTION) then it is a DIB.  If not it is a 
>>> DDB.
>>>
>>>> Also, even though WordPad shows both "Bitmap" and "DIB Bitmap"   the 
>>>> dataobject (DataO.GetFormats(False)) shows only the DIB. Why do you 
>>>> think that is?
>>>
>>> The CF_BITMAP and CF_DIB formats are synthesized by the clipboard when 
>>> the application that
>>> places one format but not the other on the clipboard.
>>>
>>> You can always retrieve the synthesized formats.  Use GetFormats(True).
>>>
>>> ""Frank""  wrote in message 
>>> news:um6i9sz4HHA.2312@TK2MSFTNGP06.phx.gbl...
>>>> Paint puts both "Bitmap" and "DIB Bitmap" on the clipboard.
>>>> At least WordPad "Paste Special" shows both after a Paint "Copy"
>>>> So I assume they are different things.
>>>>
>>>> I see from what you said below that a CF-BITMAP can represent a handle 
>>>> to a DIB so in that case I guess they'd be the same.
>>>>
>>>> And you also said that a DIB includes a color table.
>>>>
>>>> So, can I conclude that one difference between a DIB and a DDB is that 
>>>> the DDB does not include a color table.
>>>>
>>>> If you wanted to use a DDB you need to know the related color table
>>>>
>>>> Also, even though WordPad shows both "Bitmap" and "DIB Bitmap"   the 
>>>> dataobject (DataO.GetFormats(False)) shows only the DIB. Why do you 
>>>> think that is?
>>>>
>>>> So, when you get a handle from the clipboard you don't know if it 
>>>> points to a DDB or a DIB. Is that a problem?
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Thanx
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> I'm going to search for DDB to see if I can learn more that way.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> "Michael Phillips, Jr." <mphillips53@nospam.jun0.c0m> wrote in message 
>>>> news:e4q4bSz4HHA.4712@TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
>>>>>> So if I get a bitmap via CF_BITMAP I need to also get a Palette off 
>>>>>> the clipboard and realize it then display the bitmap.
>>>>>
>>>>> The CF_BITMAP represents an HBITMAP handle to a GDI Bitmap.
>>>>>
>>>>> That bitmap handle can be a DIB or a DDB(i.e., Device Independent or 
>>>>> Device Dependent ).
>>>>>
>>>>> If the bitmap is indexed, you need to retrieve the CF_PALETTE from the 
>>>>> clipboard.
>>>>>
>>>>> The CF_PALETTE is a handle to a GDI Palette.
>>>>>
>>>>> You also have the option to avoid retrieving the palette of an indexed 
>>>>> bitmap by
>>>>> requesting a CF_DIB from the clipboard.  The CF_DIB is a Global Memory 
>>>>> Handle
>>>>> that represents a Device Independent Bitmap which alread includes the 
>>>>> color table, if present.
>>>>>
>>>>> The clipboard always synthesizes this format regardless if the 
>>>>> original application placed the CF_DIB
>>>>> on the clipboard.
>>>>>
>>>>> ""Frank""  wrote in message 
>>>>> news:OT1Jhps4HHA.1168@TK2MSFTNGP02.phx.gbl...
>>>>>>I trying to learn what a Bitmap is. Not a Managed Bitmap Object but 
>>>>>>one that, for example, comes from the clipboard with CF_BITMAP.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I'm guessing that a CompatableBitmap is an array of indices that 
>>>>>> point to the colors in a Palette of the display driver.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> So if I get a bitmap via CF_BITMAP I need to also get a Palette off 
>>>>>> the clipboard and realize it then display the bitmap.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I believe "Realize it" means to put it into the display driver.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Is any of the above correct?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Can you say it better - I'm really guessing at the terminology.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Thanx for any help
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>
>